Teaching Music in Schools: More Than Musicianship
Music has often held a precarious position in the school curriculum. When arts programming comes under scrutiny at the school board or ministry level, support for music seems to wax and wane. Yet its contribution to children’s learning and well-being gives us compelling reasons to protect its place in education.
As an elementary music teacher, I would begin each year by discussing the benefits of studying music with my students. I wanted to nurture their enjoyment of music and the arts while helping them understand how listening, performing and creating engage their developing brains. My hope was that they would appreciate music both as a source of pleasure and as an experience that supports their growth. Music education offers opportunities to build musicianship alongside capacities that support learning and connection.
Music engages interconnected brain systems involved in movement, emotion, memory, attention and language processing. These connections make music a promising means of supporting early and ongoing literacy development. Educators are also recognising its potential to support social and emotional learning. With these possibilities in mind, how can music be considered anything less than a vital part of the curriculum?
Teachers are navigating an ever-expanding range of responsibilities. Alongside curricular expectations, they are asked to support the whole child, emotionally and socially. A child cannot be regarded simply as a vessel to be filled with knowledge and information. Children need to feel safe, accepted, appreciated and encouraged to be ready to learn. A thoughtfully led music classroom offers opportunities to nurture these conditions.
The music classroom is a place where students can experience joy, play and experiment, take chances and share what they have learned. It can bring children with very different experiences into a shared sense of wonder. An experienced young musician and a child with little musical exposure can both be captivated by the fantasy and drama of an opera. Students can explore drumming rhythms, contribute to a collective improvisation, or discover the pleasure of composing with pitched percussion, recorders and band instruments. Creative songwriting can offer students an outlet for personal and emotional expression. Studies have shown that singing in a group increases bonding hormones that elevates participants experience of social cohesion 1. Oxytocin: an increase found in a small study Kreutz, G. (2014). “Does singing facilitate social bonding?” Music and Medicine, 6(2), 51–60.
Research is helping us understand the developmental significance of these experiences. Since 2012, the University of Southern California’s Brain and Creativity Institute has worked with Youth Orchestra Los Angeles and its partners to investigate the effects of intensive music training on children’s brain, cognitive and social-emotional development. Led by Assal Habibi, the longitudinal research compares children participating in music training with peers involved in sports and those without systematic after-school training.
Findings have included differences in the development of auditory brain regions and pathways connecting the brain’s hemispheres. Researchers have also examined skills such as impulse control and aspects of social-emotional development. This work contributes to a growing understanding of how sustained music participation may support children’s development and can help inform decisions about music’s place in education. Music training and child development: a review of recent findings from a longitudinal study
The social opportunities offered by school music are equally meaningful. For children who have experienced exclusion or bullying, a music classroom, choir or band can offer a place to connect with others through a shared activity. Creating music together gives students opportunities to listen, contribute and experience being part of a group. It is an empowering and exciting sensation to be contributing to a collective sound.
It is not unusual to see students waiting to participate in musical extra curricular offerings like choir, band, even unplanned and spontaneous musicking like dancing to a favourite song or playing a singing game. Many elementary schools don’t have designated classrooms, requiring the music teacher to perform daily acts of magic, carrying equipment and instruments from room to room with no scheduled transition time to deliver their program. In the best-case scenario where a music teacher has their own space, students tend to gravitate to these places of solace, common understanding and safety. The value of a school subject is not always captured in a performance, a report card or a test score. Sometimes it is visible in a child’s willingness to join in, share an idea, feel good and smile broadly, and return to a space where they feel accepted.
Music in the curriculum has earned its place in enhancing learning and developing musicianship. It can also be a place where students experience joy, find support and explore their creativity in a welcoming environment. When we advocate for music in schools, we advocate for all these possibilities, and for every child’s opportunity to experience them.










