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Kaitlyn Aquino • Oct 17, 2023

Music and Neurodiversity - Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Did you know that ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in Canada? According to the Centre for ADHD Awareness, it affects 4-6% of adults and 5-7% of children or approximately 1.8 million Canadians. This means 1 in every 21 Canadians has the disorder.

 

So what is ADHD?

 

ADHD stands for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. The DSM-V defines symptoms of ADHD as inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Inattention might include failure to pay attention to detail and difficulty focusing and following through tasks. Hyperactivity might include excessive fidgeting and movement not appropriate to the situation, while impulsivity may include difficulty with turn taking or blurting something out. ADHD can be defined as a predominantly inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive or combined presentation, and often persists into adulthood. However sometimes the diagnosis is missed in childhood leading to a diagnosis later in life.

 

Persons with ADHD have lower levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Dopamine is involved in attention and memory, movement, reward and motivation. A study from Lyon University found that listening to the music you like will increase the release of dopamine from your brain. 

 

Curious to know more about how music can support persons with ADHD?

 

Well, music is often used to practice attention skills. Attention can be broken down into four types: sustained, selective/focused, alternating and divided. Did you know that learning to play an instrument can help develop different memory and attention skills? For example, while playing piano you have to sustain your attention on the task, alternate your attention between the music and your hands, as well as divide your attention between the treble and bass clef. If you catch yourself playing a wrong note, you might also pause to practice the passage.

 

Other examples of attention exercises might include responding to different musical cues with music and movement. For example, to practice selective/focused attention a music therapist might have the client drum along to a beat with distractions in the background and a distinct musical cue that indicates stop and start. Another example of an alternating attention exercise might look like clapping if you hear the drum and swaying if you hear the guitar - this requires you to switch your focus between two different sources! Overall, attention exercises are important for improving focus on tasks, filtering out distractions and multitasking.

 

Persons with ADHD often struggle with executive function. Executive function is our ability to plan, organize and make decisions etc. Research suggests that music therapy can improve executive functioning. Improvisational music playing and musical composition can help a client work on these skills in a pleasurable and motivating environment! In order to create a musical composition you have to plan and organize the structure, making decisions about your creation along the way.

 

Finally music can also help with stress management and emotion regulation. Music and progressive muscle relaxation or movement can help calm the body and mind, as well as get rid of excess fidgeting. Improvisational music playing, listening and creating can also provide a means of self-expression in order to regulate one’s emotions.

 

No matter your age - music can help improve attention, reduce hyperactivity and create pleasurable experiences for persons with ADHD.

 

By Shelley Neal 08 Mar, 2024
I initially trained with MUSIC CARE to work with Seniors in Long Term Care who were experiencing dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease. This is the path I travelled with my mom. My training with Music Care and Room 217 supported capacity building in selecting music that was played on my harp or chosen recorded music. The music centered on the care of the individual and their specific needs. My job was to determine the individual’s specific and select music to address these needs. The music selected helped to build community, support sleep, talk about life experiences, create a background landscape of sound, support connection to decrease isolation and loneliness, as well as coming alongside people dying. My training with Music Care helped me understand how to support people “where they were” physically, emotionally, and spiritually. Through using beat, tempo, melody, and timbre, I could cater the music and desired support required for individuals or small groups. My profession is teaching. I am a special education teacher and use music in my primary teaching as a method for learning, practicing language skills, transmitting information about science studies or math equations, as well as having fun and creating our own songs. My teacher toolkit married exceptionally well with the knowledge and skills provided by the Music Care Certification training. Recently, my work with students has involved individual programming for the medically fragile children and the palliative children. I use music (repeating the chorus several times) to engage and connect with the kiddos. We use music to "talk" about feelings (our communication is through eye gaze, eye blinks, and squeezing hands), and content material. I use music to enjoy our relationship of being together. At times, due to medication for seizures, my little ones can be very sleepy. I increase the tempo, engaging in tapping the beat on her hands and using silly action songs. The giggles and wiggles make it magical. I also use music to tell stories (my students have CVI, cortical vision impairment, so visual perception is difficult). This helps the child to engage in the story arch and adventures. Music is my conduit for reaching out and being with the students. Recently, I had the sacred journey of visiting one of my children in ICU at Sick Kids. I was invited to come to say "goodbye". A dear friend who was an ICU nurse in a different department told me (AKA, insisted) that I bring my harp with me. I wasn't sure if this would be appropriate for the family. However, with the permission of the mom, I bravely packed my harp up and took it to the Unit. It was a beautiful evening of talking with their mom and dad about how special their child was in my life. I played the kiddo's favorite songs and then ended with "The More We Get Together". The little one opened their eyes and stared at me. We hugged, and I left. They passed the next morning. I consider this time to be a sacred gift. Music Care Certification has given me the confidence and toolset to work alongside people and to journey together. It is a time a beautiful, difficult, or sacred time that I have been honoured to participate in.  Thank You
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