Bev Foster • July 18, 2011

Born this way: Entrainment & Music Care

Whether you’re a Lady Gaga fan or not, her song, Born This Way has been an international success, topping the charts in over eighteen countries including the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States. Born This Way is also the fastest selling song in iTunes history, having sold over a million copies worldwide in the first five days of its release. Whether you like the song, resonate with its societal overtones, or think it’s one oversized excuse, it posits that race, religion, gender, sexuality is in our DNA and we can’t help who we are because we are Born This Way. That’s what neuroscientists have been telling us for several decades now about music: that music is hardwired into our brains. Musical response is something that happens because we are born this way. And the reason is because of something called entrainment. I came face to face with this as caregiver to my four young children when they were worked up. It began with a whimpering overture, developed into staccato-like crying, sniffling on the upbeat and arriving on the downbeat with a wailing tone. I would try to imitate and match their tone and tempo. I got into sync with their state, at first as an empathetic gesture then as a means of adjustment, trying to calm them down. Entrainment happens when the body, mind and/or spirit becomes synchronized with environmental vibrations. Music unfolds in time and is based on the time patterns, or rhythms of physical vibrations. The physical vibrations go through the auditory system and produce electrochemical information that is relayed neurologically to the brain. Music can alter the performance of the nervous system through neural entrainment. Based on tempo or speed of the beat, music may stimulate and adjust various brain-wave activities and impact our state of being. Here are the various brain-wave activity states broadly measured in beats per minute and their effects.

  • Delta (5-20 beats per minute) - deep sleep state
  • Theta (20-40 beats per minute) - twilight zone; half awake and half asleep, hypnotic trance
  • Alpha (40-60 beats per minute) - relaxed alertness; calm, prepared
  • Beta (60-125 beats per minute) - busy classroom activities, discussion
  • Super beta (125+ beats per minute) - intensity, drama, exercise, simulations, trance, rave

We use entrainment as one of the therapeutic principles for music production at Room 217. The Room 217 music library targets Alpha brain wave activity, the state of calm and relaxation. The tempo of songs is at 60 beats per minute. Typically this slows down the familiar speed of the song. We aim to provide a gentle, soothing and calming resource for people in the midst of life’s complexities. So what does this mean for Music Care? At the very least, neural entrainment brings awareness about the tempo of ambient sounds/music and that it will have an impact on people who can hear it. In the best case scenario, realizing that we are born this way will make us all a little more sensitive to the impact of our musical choices on others.

A guitar , cowboy hat , cowboy boots and hay are on a wooden table.
By Shelley Neal April 2, 2025
I undertook the MUSIC CARE Certification program when I had journeyed through caring for my mother with Alzheimer’s. It was during my training, I learned how music works in terms of timbre, melody and rhythm and beat, music care domains and music care strategies. It helped me to support mom as the disease progressed. I continued to certify through Music Care and then I had the joy of teaching others the level 1 program Fundamentals of Music Care Theory and Context . I have loved coming alongside others in Long Term Care and using music to support giving voice of what is within one’s life, preventing isolation and loneliness, creating community. I enjoyed all it all. Then, I found myself once again in the Emergency Room with Tim, (my family member) as we were helping him home in his palliative journey. My “outside life” took a back seat and my inside hospital life began. Tim’s was failing and he was no longer able to open his mouth and swallow to obtain nutrient’s due to Parkinson’s . We tried various types of foods, textures and flavours, however, opening his mouth and swallowing remained inaccessible. Tim loved Glen Campbell and Rhinestone Cowboy . When he was a young man, he would repeated play this song until the LP was worn through. He was given a new Glen Campbell CD at Christmas and the song was welcomed back into our lives. There I was ,in my new environment on the tenth floor of the hospital, playing Rhinestone Cowboy. Tim sang along. He actually sang along! He moved his mouth, swallowed and sang along. We were able to get pureed food into his body. Later, the disease continued to ravage his body and Rhinestone Cowboy helped us connected with other such as the speech language pathologist, doctors, cleaning staff and nurses. We sang and danced together with the music and Tim smiled. He knew he was part of a community who loved him. As we knew the end was coming, I played music with a simple melody, 60 beats per minute and soft timbre on my harp to support Tim as he fell into sleep. Near the end, I used tonal music in simple phrases to support calmness matching his breath. Tim passed peacefully and gentle. Today, at his funeral our last song “Rhinestone Cowboy”. After hearing the importance of this song, all the people present joined in singing to honour the village of Tim that so lovingly cared for him. Music Care training has become a natural rhythm in my life to use with aging and sick family members, supporting young children’s learning and providing self-care when I was tired after intense caregiving.
By Shelley Neal March 8, 2024
I initially trained with MUSIC CARE to work with Seniors in Long Term Care who were experiencing dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease. This is the path I travelled with my mom. My training with Music Care and Room 217 supported capacity building in selecting music that was played on my harp or chosen recorded music. The music centered on the care of the individual and their specific needs. My job was to determine the individual’s specific and select music to address these needs. The music selected helped to build community, support sleep, talk about life experiences, create a background landscape of sound, support connection to decrease isolation and loneliness, as well as coming alongside people dying. My training with Music Care helped me understand how to support people “where they were” physically, emotionally, and spiritually. Through using beat, tempo, melody, and timbre, I could cater the music and desired support required for individuals or small groups. My profession is teaching. I am a special education teacher and use music in my primary teaching as a method for learning, practicing language skills, transmitting information about science studies or math equations, as well as having fun and creating our own songs. My teacher toolkit married exceptionally well with the knowledge and skills provided by the Music Care Certification training. Recently, my work with students has involved individual programming for the medically fragile children and the palliative children. I use music (repeating the chorus several times) to engage and connect with the kiddos. We use music to "talk" about feelings (our communication is through eye gaze, eye blinks, and squeezing hands), and content material. I use music to enjoy our relationship of being together. At times, due to medication for seizures, my little ones can be very sleepy. I increase the tempo, engaging in tapping the beat on her hands and using silly action songs. The giggles and wiggles make it magical. I also use music to tell stories (my students have CVI, cortical vision impairment, so visual perception is difficult). This helps the child to engage in the story arch and adventures. Music is my conduit for reaching out and being with the students. Recently, I had the sacred journey of visiting one of my children in ICU at Sick Kids. I was invited to come to say "goodbye". A dear friend who was an ICU nurse in a different department told me (AKA, insisted) that I bring my harp with me. I wasn't sure if this would be appropriate for the family. However, with the permission of the mom, I bravely packed my harp up and took it to the Unit. It was a beautiful evening of talking with their mom and dad about how special their child was in my life. I played the kiddo's favorite songs and then ended with "The More We Get Together". The little one opened their eyes and stared at me. We hugged, and I left. They passed the next morning. I consider this time to be a sacred gift. Music Care Certification has given me the confidence and toolset to work alongside people and to journey together. It is a time a beautiful, difficult, or sacred time that I have been honoured to participate in.  Thank You
By Julia Cara March 29, 2022
This article was written by Julia Cara, and is part of a series provided by upper year Health Sciences students at McMaster University.
By Bev Foster January 10, 2022
I will never forget the call that came on that cold, crisp January afternoon twenty years ago. I knew it was imminent. I was expecting it and I thought I was ready. But would I ever be ready to say the final farewell to my father?
By Deb Bartlett September 11, 2020
Poodles skirts, saddle shoes, ducktails and fins on your cars. If these words don’t evoke memories and images from the ‘50s maybe this will:
By Deb Bartlett August 28, 2020
Ask people what folk music is, and you'll get a variety of answers. Is it about the music? The lyrics? The song's history? According to Wikipedia's entry on folk music , it's all of those things: music that's performed by custom over a long period of time; that has no known composers; and that has been transmitted orally. It can describe the traditions of the "uncultured classes" and definitely means it's music of the people. And because it's been shared orally, it is music that has a place, or is indicative of a community. In some circles, because folk music tells stories about events and history, it's known as world music. In a dissertation, Rachel Clare Donaldson simply stated "Folk music is what the people sing."
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As explained in this blog post Not Afraid album, the intent behind the Not Afraid album was not to tell people in hospice palliative care that they needn't be afraid; it was to let them know there are people who love them and are sharing the journey.
By Deb Bartlett August 17, 2020
Room 217 ’s music was designed for use in palliative care. The music is produced at 60 beats per minute (resting heart rate) which has several benefits for the person receiving palliative care. It also aids others in the circle of care. This link will take you to a report that discusses the benefits of music in hospice palliative care .
By Deb Bartlett August 11, 2020
Do you remember where you were the first time you heard them? The Beatles? Had you heard them on the radio? Or was your first experience with The Beatles watching the Jack Paar show, or Ed Sullivan?
By Deb Bartlett July 29, 2020
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