Blog Layout

Deb Bartlett • Mar 11, 2020

Music in the liminal space: Part 3 - Implications

There is both qualitative and quantitative evidence to suggest that music has the capacity to fill liminal space and reach into the depths of consciousness. In part 1 , we looked at brain wave research and consciousness in persons who are dying, indicating that music may be a bridge to accompany them through the transition from life into consciousness beyond. In part 2 , we saw how the various dimensions of music appears to be recognizable in all states of consciousness, through hearing, entrainment, music as dialogical activity, and transcendence.

Palliative music therapist Deborah Salmon sees music as the container for the end-of-life journey. Music becomes the containing space that facilitates the process of connecting what is psychologically and spiritually significant, transforming experiences of suffering into meaning. [i] She believes that “the very breadth and depth of music makes it a wonderful tool at end-of-life by promoting relaxation, pain control, a sense of well-being and support of emotional and spiritual expression. Music has the capacity to speak directly to our hearts and souls.” [ii]

Implications are numerous. For the person dying, music can meet psychosocial and spiritual needs in the liminal space by being a companion through the transition, providing a backdrop for the experience, aesthetically beautifying the [clinical] space. It may promote sleep and distract from pain. For music can help de-stress and reduce anxiety, providing intimate space for release and closure. Music may add a sense of peacefulness to the space and provide comfort.

In a country where the population is aging [iii] , where every death impacts at least five people [iv] music as a means of accompanying people who are dying may become a necessary and cost-effective practice. As Boomers age and die, the demand for music as part of the dying process will increase. [v] There will be a demand for qualified music therapists, and other music care specialists like music thanatologists, harp therapists, and healthcare musicians. The need for baseline training to integrate music care strategies into formal and informal caregiving practices in hospice and palliative care will increase. As emerging technologies continue to discover new possibilities in consciousness, accessibility to music for this liminal space may increase.

Death is a topic I have never been afraid of talking about, perhaps because of my own personal belief in unending consciousness. What’s on the other side is some sort of continuation and only a mere breath away. For me, music has made that connection between here and there. I sensed it strongly in the death of my dad and my grandma and wrote about it in a song called For Now. The refrain goes like this:

Here-There, it only takes an instant

Here then There, one breath separates us

There-Here we’re bound in love together

Live our lives Here and There – for now

So, I wasn’t imagining it. My loved ones may really have had an enhanced sense of consciousness as they were imminently dying because they were accompanied by music. The music was bridge in the liminal space.

Bev Foster, MA, BEd, BMus, ARCT, AMus, is the Founder and Executive Director of the Room 217 Foundation, an organization dedicated to music and care. She is an experienced musician and educator who speaks and writes extensively on the power of music, especially in life limiting situations.


[i] Aldridge, D., ch. 1, Music therapy and spirituality: a transcendental understanding of suffering. from Aldridge, D., Fachner, J. (ed), (2006). Music and altered states. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, p. 168

[ii] Salmon, D. (1994). Endnotes: Music Therapy in Palliative Care. La Scena Musicale ;10(1).

[v] The generation known as the “boomers” were the intuitive discoverers of music. Baby boomers, born between the years 1947 and 1964, grew up with music. This post-war group is known to drive cultural trends from hula hoops to SUVs. The Boomer generation controls the world’s disposable income and they are living longer.






By Shelley Neal 08 Mar, 2024
I initially trained with MUSIC CARE to work with Seniors in Long Term Care who were experiencing dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease. This is the path I travelled with my mom. My training with Music Care and Room 217 supported capacity building in selecting music that was played on my harp or chosen recorded music. The music centered on the care of the individual and their specific needs. My job was to determine the individual’s specific and select music to address these needs. The music selected helped to build community, support sleep, talk about life experiences, create a background landscape of sound, support connection to decrease isolation and loneliness, as well as coming alongside people dying. My training with Music Care helped me understand how to support people “where they were” physically, emotionally, and spiritually. Through using beat, tempo, melody, and timbre, I could cater the music and desired support required for individuals or small groups. My profession is teaching. I am a special education teacher and use music in my primary teaching as a method for learning, practicing language skills, transmitting information about science studies or math equations, as well as having fun and creating our own songs. My teacher toolkit married exceptionally well with the knowledge and skills provided by the Music Care Certification training. Recently, my work with students has involved individual programming for the medically fragile children and the palliative children. I use music (repeating the chorus several times) to engage and connect with the kiddos. We use music to "talk" about feelings (our communication is through eye gaze, eye blinks, and squeezing hands), and content material. I use music to enjoy our relationship of being together. At times, due to medication for seizures, my little ones can be very sleepy. I increase the tempo, engaging in tapping the beat on her hands and using silly action songs. The giggles and wiggles make it magical. I also use music to tell stories (my students have CVI, cortical vision impairment, so visual perception is difficult). This helps the child to engage in the story arch and adventures. Music is my conduit for reaching out and being with the students. Recently, I had the sacred journey of visiting one of my children in ICU at Sick Kids. I was invited to come to say "goodbye". A dear friend who was an ICU nurse in a different department told me (AKA, insisted) that I bring my harp with me. I wasn't sure if this would be appropriate for the family. However, with the permission of the mom, I bravely packed my harp up and took it to the Unit. It was a beautiful evening of talking with their mom and dad about how special their child was in my life. I played the kiddo's favorite songs and then ended with "The More We Get Together". The little one opened their eyes and stared at me. We hugged, and I left. They passed the next morning. I consider this time to be a sacred gift. Music Care Certification has given me the confidence and toolset to work alongside people and to journey together. It is a time a beautiful, difficult, or sacred time that I have been honoured to participate in.  Thank You
By Julia Cara 29 Mar, 2022
This article was written by Julia Cara, and is part of a series provided by upper year Health Sciences students at McMaster University.
By Bev Foster 10 Jan, 2022
I will never forget the call that came on that cold, crisp January afternoon twenty years ago. I knew it was imminent. I was expecting it and I thought I was ready. But would I ever be ready to say the final farewell to my father?
By Deb Bartlett 11 Sep, 2020
Poodles skirts, saddle shoes, ducktails and fins on your cars. If these words don’t evoke memories and images from the ‘50s maybe this will:
By Deb Bartlett 28 Aug, 2020
Ask people what folk music is, and you'll get a variety of answers. Is it about the music? The lyrics? The song's history? According to Wikipedia's entry on folk music , it's all of those things: music that's performed by custom over a long period of time; that has no known composers; and that has been transmitted orally. It can describe the traditions of the "uncultured classes" and definitely means it's music of the people. And because it's been shared orally, it is music that has a place, or is indicative of a community. In some circles, because folk music tells stories about events and history, it's known as world music. In a dissertation, Rachel Clare Donaldson simply stated "Folk music is what the people sing."
By Deb Bartlett 24 Aug, 2020
As explained in this blog post Not Afraid album, the intent behind the Not Afraid album was not to tell people in hospice palliative care that they needn't be afraid; it was to let them know there are people who love them and are sharing the journey.
By Deb Bartlett 17 Aug, 2020
Room 217 ’s music was designed for use in palliative care. The music is produced at 60 beats per minute (resting heart rate) which has several benefits for the person receiving palliative care. It also aids others in the circle of care. This link will take you to a report that discusses the benefits of music in hospice palliative care .
By Deb Bartlett 11 Aug, 2020
Do you remember where you were the first time you heard them? The Beatles? Had you heard them on the radio? Or was your first experience with The Beatles watching the Jack Paar show, or Ed Sullivan?
By Deb Bartlett 29 Jul, 2020
Room 217’s British Invasion album features 16 tracks of soloists and bands from the U.K. that changed the North American music scene.
By Deb Bartlett 16 Jul, 2020
R-E-S-P-E-C-T. That’s all you need to read and you know the song. In fact, you likely sang it as you read it.
More Posts
Share by: